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5/16/13 - "Hi Observers"
If you saw this what message would you take? The main debate with DMS5 is the way they classify mental disorders on their surface appearance not on the underlying biology. Appearance can be deceiving.
This photo was attached to the email. |
The following was included in a text document attached to an email. We are unsure of the source; this may be The Patriot's own work, or a forwarded message.
Sunshine without burning is good.
Objective: To explore the association of nonmelanoma skin
cancer (NMSC) and Alzheimer disease (AD) in the Einstein Aging Study, an
epidemiologic study of aging in New York City.
Methods: Community-residing volunteers aged 70 years or
older were assessed annually, followed by multidisciplinary diagnostic
consensus. Cancer status and type was obtained by self-report. Cox proportional
hazards models were used to test associations between NMSC and subsequent risk
of developing a neurocognitive disorder. To deduce a biologically specific
association between AD and NMSC, we considered 3 nested outcomes groups: only
AD (probable or possible AD as the sole diagnosis), any AD (probable AD or
possible AD, as well as mixed AD/vascular dementia), and all-cause dementia.
Results: We followed 1,102 adults with a mean age of 79
years at enrollment. Prevalent NMSC was associated with reduced risk of only AD
(hazard ratio = 0.21; 95% confidence interval = 0.051–0.87; p = 0.031) among
subjects after adjustment for demographics, hypertension, diabetes, and
coronary heart disease. APOE ε4 genotypes were available in 769 individuals.
The association was similar in magnitude, but nonsignificant, when the number
of APOE ε4 alleles was included in the model. No significant association was
found between NMSC and subsequent development of any AD or all-cause dementia.
Conclusions: This population-based longitudinal study shows
that individuals older than 70 years with NMSC have a significantly reduced
risk of developing AD compared with individuals without NMSC. We deduce
Alzheimer-specific neuroprotection, because the effect is attenuated or
eliminated when considering less-specific diagnoses such as AD with another
diagnosis (any AD) or all-cause dementia.
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